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Status Quo and Prospect of Laser Welding Head

Views: 0     Author: hu     Publish Time: 2022-05-19      Origin: dapeng

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The application of laser head technology in manufacturing is currently the focus of research in various countries. With the demand for high efficiency, environmental protection and automation in industrial development, the application of laser head technology has rapidly spread in many fields of manufacturing. On this basis, laser welding head technology will become one of the important aspects of laser head application. Laser welding head is an important part of the application of laser head processing technology. Welding head technology is also the most concerned and most promising welding head technology in the 21st century.


As early as the end of the last century, European and American countries have fully applied laser welding heads to industrial production. While accelerating the research and development of laser welding head technology, China has gradually established a development system combining "production, learning and research", and has made major breakthroughs in some fields.


With the development of industrial manufacturing, efficient, flexible and environmentally friendly processing technology will be favored. The laser welding head adopts a high-energy beam focusing mode, which can realize deep penetration welding, rapid welding head and other forms that are difficult to achieve in the welding process. In particular, the laser welding head equipment is flexibly matched, and the real-time online detection technology is mature, which can realize a high degree of automation of mass production. At present, a large number of laser welding head production lines have been put into industrial production.


Practice has proved that laser welding head has a wide range of applications in the processing industry. Basically, laser welding heads are competent in fields where conventional welding head technology can be used, with higher welding head quality and faster processing efficiency.


焊接头ND44

Welding process with laser head technology

Laser welding head is the process of using the radiation energy of the laser head to achieve effective welding. Its working principle is to excite the active medium of the laser head (such as a mixture of CO2 and other gases, YAG yttrium aluminum garnet crystal, etc.) in a specific way, so that it oscillates back and forth in the resonant cavity, thereby forming an excitation radiation beam. When the beam contacts the workpiece, its energy is absorbed by the workpiece and welding can take place when the temperature reaches the melting point of the material.


1. Laser welding head welding mode

Laser welding heads can be divided into thermally conductive welding heads and deep penetration welding heads. The heat of the former diffuses into the inside of the workpiece by heat transfer, and only produces a melting phenomenon on the welding surface. The inside of the workpiece is not completely penetrated, and basically no vaporization occurs. Mainly used for welding low-speed thin-walled materials. The latter not only completely melts the material, but also vaporizes the material to form a massive plasma. Due to the large amount of heat, a keyhole will appear in the front of the molten pool.


Deep penetration welding head is currently the most widely used laser welding head welding method because it can fully weld workpieces with large input energy and fast welding speed.




2. The shape, structure and performance of the weld of the laser welding head

Due to the small focused spot area produced by the laser head, the heat-affected zone around the weld is much smaller than that of common welding head technology. Typically, laser welded tips do not need to be filled with metal. The surface of the welding seam is continuous and uniform, with a beautiful appearance and no surface defects such as pores and cracks. It is very suitable for occasions where there are strict requirements on the appearance of the weld. Although the focal area is relatively small, the energy density of the laser beam is very high (usually as high as 103-108W/cm2).


During welding, the metal is heated and cooled very quickly, and the temperature gradient around the weld pool is relatively large, which makes the joint stronger than the base metal, while the joint plasticity is relatively low. At present, joint quality can be improved by bifocal technology or hybrid welding joint technology.


3. Advantages and disadvantages of laser welding head

The reason why laser head welding has received such high attention is its unique advantages:

(1) The laser welding head can obtain high-quality joint strength and larger aspect ratio, and the welding speed is faster.

(2) Since the laser welding head does not require a vacuum environment, it can realize remote control and automatic production through lenses and optical fibers.

(3) The laser head has high power density and good welding effect on difficult-to-weld materials such as titanium and quartz, and can weld materials with different properties.


Of course, laser welding heads also have their disadvantages:

(1) The laser head and welding head system accessories are expensive, so the initial investment and maintenance cost are higher than the traditional welding process, and the economic benefit is poor.

(2) The conversion efficiency of laser welding head welding is generally low (usually 5%~30%), because the absorption rate of the laser head laser by the solid material is low, especially after the plasma is generated (the plasma absorbs the laser light). effect).

(3) Due to the small focus of the laser welding head, the precision of the workpiece joint equipment is high, the equipment deviation is small, and the processing error is large.



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